Sounds and lighting really contribute to a movie and can create some dramatic and tense moments, both set a certain mood and tone for a film. Furthermore sound and lighting can determine what genre a film is, for example the frequent use of dark low key lighting and eerie music could imply that the movie is a horror.
Sound:
Diagetic sound – Sound made on screen that we can see, for example dialogue.
Diagetic – Sound made out of shot that is added during the editing process, for example sound effects or music score.
Sounds Effects – Artificial sound, for example a gun shot.
Commentary – Voice over of someone speaking off screen played over the top of the movement on screen.
Parallel Sound – Sound that exactly matches the event/action made on screen.
Direct Sound – Live sound.
Dialogue – Actors talking on screen.
Lighting:
Natural Lighting – Non-artificial lighting that doesn’t require electric light, this makes something seem more authentic.
Spot Light – A strong beam of light that only illuminates one person
Low Key Lighting – A lighting scheme that requires very little light, used to create strong shadows and contrasts between light and dark areas.
High Key Lighting – A lighting set up which is very bright and includes fewer shadows.
Key Light – The main light and usually the strongest with the most influence.
Back Light – This is placed behind the subject, it’s normally used to provide definition and to separate the actor from the background.
AS Media Blog 